Acrylic vs. PVC: Which One Is Right for Your Project?
Acrylic vs. PVC
When it comes to choosing the right material for your project, there are many factors to consider, including durability, cost, and appearance. Two popular options for a variety of applications are acrylic and PVC. While both materials have similarities, they also have significant differences that can affect their suitability for your project.
In this article, we’ll explore the differences between acrylic and PVC, including their composition, properties, and common applications. By the end, you’ll have a better understanding of which material is right for your project.
The Differences Between Acrylic and PVC: Which One Is Right for Your Project?
Composition
Acrylic, also known as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), is a transparent thermoplastic made from a polymer of methyl methacrylate. It is often referred to as “plexiglass” or “Lucite.” Acrylic is lightweight, shatter-resistant, and has excellent optical clarity, making it ideal for applications where transparency is important.
PVC, on the other hand, is a synthetic plastic polymer made from vinyl chloride. It is a thermoplastic material that can be easily molded and shaped when heated. PVC is available in both rigid and flexible forms, depending on the amount of plasticizers added during manufacturing.
Acrylic Plastic material
PVC Plastic Material
Acrylic has a higher tensile strength than PVC, meaning it is less likely to break under stress. It is also more scratch-resistant and has better UV resistance, making it ideal for outdoor applications. However, acrylic is more brittle than PVC and can crack under high impact.
PVC is more flexible than acrylic and can be used in a wider range of applications. It is resistant to chemicals, water, and most acids, making it suitable for use in plumbing and electrical systems. PVC is also flame-retardant and has good insulation properties. However, it is more prone to scratching and yellowing over time, especially when exposed to UV light.
Typical Properties Of Acrylic Vs PVC
Acrylic and PVC are two widely used thermoplastics that have different physical and chemical properties. Understanding the properties of each material is crucial when selecting the right material for a particular application. In this article, we will compare the properties of acrylic and PVC to help you make an informed decision.
Properties | UNITS | ASTM TEST | ACRYLIC | PVC |
---|---|---|---|---|
Specific gravity | D792 | 1.19 | 1.42 | |
Light transmittance (transparency/clarity) | % | D1003 | 92 | 80(Clear PVC) |
Tensile elongation | % | D638 | 4.5 | / |
Heat deflection temperature @ 66 psi/264 psi | °F | D648 | 195 | 158 |
Maximum continuous service temperature in air | °F | 160 | 140 | |
Flexural strength | psi | D790 | 17,000 | 12,800 |
Tensile strength | psi | D638 | 10,000 | 7,500 |
Tensile modulus of elasticity | psi | D638 | 400,000 | 411,000 |
Flexural modulus of elasticity | psi | D790 | 480,000 | 481,000 |
Compressive strength(10% Deformation ) | psi | D695 | 17,000 | / |
Izod impact (notched, 73°F) | ft-lbs/in | D256 | 0.4 | 1 |
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion | in/in/°Fx10-5 | D696 | 4 | 3.2 |
Dialectic strength | V/mil | D149 | 430 | 380 |
Water absorption (immersion 24 hours) | % | D570 | 0.2 | 0.06 |
Clear Acrylic VS PVC General Characteristics
PVC (Clear/Rigid) | PMMA (Acrylic) | |
Clarity | Not Bad | Best. Can also be polished. |
Durability | Not bad | Scratch-resistant |
Stiffness/Flexibility | Rigid | Rigid |
Temperature Resistance | Low | Medium |
Insulation/Dielectric Strength | Low | Medium |
UV Resistance | Not Bad | Good |
Chemical Resistance | Good (not esters, ketones, ethers, or chlorinated hydrocarbons) | Good (not alcohol or methylene chloride) |
Cost | Cheap | Expensive |
Forms Available | Sheet & Tube | Sheet, Rod, & Tube |
Cutting/Fabricating | Good | Good |
While both acrylic and PVC are versatile and widely used materials, they have different physical and chemical properties. Acrylic has a lower specific gravity, higher light transmittance, better tensile elongation, higher heat deflection temperature, higher maximum continuous service temperature, higher flexural strength, higher tensile strength, higher compressive strength, higher dielectric strength, and lower water absorption compared to PVC. PVC, on the other hand, has a higher specific gravity, lower light transmittance, better impact resistance, lower coefficient of linear thermal expansion, and is more resistant to chemicals and acids.
Common Applications
Acrylic is commonly used in applications where transparency is important, such as windows, skylights, and signs. It is also used in furniture, aquariums, and displays. Acrylic sheets can be cut, drilled, and shaped to fit a variety of purposes.
Acrylic Applications
- Windows and Skylights – Acrylic’s high transparency and durability make it an ideal choice for windows and skylights in buildings.
- Signs – Acrylic is often used to make signs, both for outdoor and indoor use, due to its clarity and ability to be formed into different shapes and sizes.
- Furniture – Acrylic furniture is popular due to its modern and sleek appearance. It is often used for tables, chairs, and other decorative pieces.
- Aquariums – Acrylic is a popular material for aquariums due to its clarity and ability to be molded into various shapes.
- Displays – Acrylic is used in point-of-sale displays, museum exhibits, and other applications where transparency is important.
PVC is often used in construction for pipes, fittings, and siding. It is also used in electrical cables, inflatable products, and medical equipment. Flexible PVC is used in inflatable boats and water toys.
PVC Applications
- Pipes and Fittings – PVC pipes and fittings are commonly used in plumbing and drainage systems due to their chemical resistance and low cost.
- Electrical Cables – PVC is a popular material for electrical cables due to its insulating properties and ability to withstand extreme temperatures.
- Siding – PVC siding is used in construction due to its durability, weather resistance, and low maintenance requirements.
- Inflatable Products – PVC is often used to make inflatable products, such as air mattresses, pool toys, and bounce houses.
- Medical Equipment – PVC is a popular material for medical equipment, such as blood bags and IV bags, due to its ability to be sterilized and resistance to chemicals.
In conclusion, acrylic and PVC have a wide range of applications due to their unique properties. Acrylic is commonly used for transparent applications, while PVC is commonly used for applications that require chemical resistance and durability. Understanding the properties of each material is crucial when selecting the right material for a particular application.
FAQs
Conclusion
Choosing the right material for your project is essential for achieving the desired outcome. While acrylic and PVC have similarities, they also have significant differences that can affect their suitability for specific applications.
By understanding the composition, properties, and common applications of each material, you can make an informed decision about which one is right for your project. Consider factors such as durability, cost, and appearance when making your choice, and always consult with a professional if you are unsure.
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